1. The passage is primarily concerned with
detailing the evidence that has led most biologists to replace the trichotomous picture of living organisms with a dichotomous one
outlining the factors that have contributed to the current hypothesis concerning the number of basic categories of living organisms
evaluating experiments that have resulted in proof that the prokaryotes are more ancient than had been expected.
summarizing the differences in structure and function found among true bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes
formulating10 a hypothesis about the mechanisms11 of evolution that resulted in the ancestors of the prokaryotes
2. According to the passage, investigations12 of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells at the molecular level supported the conclusion that
most eukaryotic organisms are unicellular
complex cells have well-formed nuclei13
prokaryotes and cukaryotes form two fundamental categories
subcellular structures are visible with a microscope
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have similar enzymes
3. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the two-category hypothesis is likely to be true?
It is promising14 because it explains the presence of true bacteria-like organisms such as organelles in eukaryotic cells.
It is promising because it explains why eukaryotic cells, unlike prokaryotic cells, tend to form multicellular organisms.
It is flawed because it fails to account for the great variety among eukaryotic organisms.
It is flawed because it fails to account for the similarity between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
It is flawed because it fails to recognize an important distinction among prokaryotes.
4. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following have recently been compared in order to clarify the fundamental classifications of living things?
The genetic coding in true bacteria and that in other prokaryotes
The organelle structures of archaebacteria, true bacteria, and eukaryotes
The cellular1 structures of multicellular organisms and unicellular organisms
The molecular sequences in eukaryotic RNA, true bacterial15 RNA, and archaebacterial RNA
The amino acid sequences in enzymes of various eukaryotic species and those of enzymes in archaebecterial species
5. If the new techniques mentioned in line 31 were applied16 in studies of biological classifications other than bacteria, which of the following is most likely?
Some of those classifications will have to be reevaluated.
Many species of bacteria will be reclassified
It will be determined17 that there are four main categories of living things rather than three.
It will be found that true bacteria are much older than eukaryotes.
It will be found that there is a common ancestor of the eukaryotes, archaebacteria, and true bacteria.
6. According to the passage, researchers working under the two-category hypothesis were correct in thinking that
prokaryotes form a coherent group
the common ancestor of all living things had complex properties
eukaryotes are fundamentally different from true bacteria
true bacteria are just as complex as eukaryotes
ancestral versions of eukaryotic genes18 functioned differently from their modern counterparts.
7. All of the following statements are supported by the passage EXCEPT:
True bacteria form a distinct evolutionary19 group.
Archaebacteria are prokaryotes that re百度竞价推广ble true bacteria.
True bacteria and eukaryotes employ similar types of genetic coding.
True bacteria and eukaryotes are distinguishable at the subcellular level.
Amino acid sequences of enzymes are uniform for eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms.
8. The author's attitude toward the view that living things are pided into three categories is best described as one of
tentative acceptance
mild skepticism
limited denial
studious oriticism
whole hearted endor百度竞价推广ent
